Release notes of Degenerative lumbar spine

The first edition was created by Massimo Balsano (Italy), Roger Härtl (USA), and Ibrahim Hussain (USA), with Luiz Vialle (Brazil) as editor.

The Degenerative lumbar spine module includes a detailed description of the following conditions and their management.

Disc herniation – Central and posterolateral:

• Interlaminar microscopic tubular lumbar discectomy (IMTLD)
• Interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD)

Disc herniation – Foraminal and extraforaminal:

• Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD)
• Extraforaminal microscopic tubular lumbar discectomy (EMTLD)
• Extraforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (EELD)

Lumbar spinal stenosis:

• Microscopic tubular unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (MT-ULBD)
• Lumbar endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (LE-ULBD)
• MISS Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)

Degenerative spondylolisthesis:

• MISS Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)
• MISS Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF)
• MISS Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF)

Approaches:

• Minimally invasive transpsoas approach (L2–L4)
• Retroperitoneal approach for Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF)

Patient preparations:

• Prone position for MISS Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)
• Prone position for approaches to L1–L5
• Supine position for Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF)
• Lateral decubitus position for Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF)

Further reading:

• Patient evaluation

Basic techniques:

• Percutaneous posterior approach for pedicle screw placement
• Pedicle screw insertion in the thoracolumbar spine